The efficiency in long-haul trucking, especially for OTR (over-the-road) operations, isn't just about the distance covered—it's also about how you manage resources like fuel, driver comfort, and compliance with regulations. One tool that's becoming increasingly essential for fleet owners is the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). But what is APU in trucking, and why is it so beneficial for trucking operations? But what is an APU in the truck industry, and why is it so beneficial for trucking operations?

In this article, we'll break down everything you need to know about APUs, including how they work, their advantages, and why integrating them with tools like AtoB's fleet fuel cards can be a game-changer for your fleet.

The Basics of Auxiliary Power Units (APUs)

An Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is a device that provides power to a truck's cabin without requiring the main engine to run. This small yet powerful unit is typically installed on the exterior of the truck and can be powered by different energy sources—diesel, electricity, or even a combination of both.

APUs serve a crucial role, especially during long-haul trips, by powering essential systems such as air conditioning, heating, and electronic devices while the truck is stationary. This means drivers can maintain comfort and safety without idling the truck's main engine, which not only conserves fuel but also reduces engine wear.

Advantages of Using APUs in Trucking

The benefits of using APUs in trucking are numerous, making them a wise investment for fleet owners who are focused on efficiency and cost savings.

1. Fuel Savings

One of the most significant advantages of using an APU is the reduction in fuel consumption. Idling a truck's main engine can burn about 0.8 to 1 gallon of diesel per hour.¹ In contrast, a diesel-powered APU typically uses about 0.2 gallons per hour.² Over a year, this can translate to thousands of dollars in fuel savings per truck.

2. Reduced Emissions

By minimizing the need for engine idling, APUs help lower a truck's carbon footprint.³ This reduction in emissions is not just good for the environment—it also helps fleet operators comply with increasingly stringent anti-idling regulations. For example, some states in the U.S. have strict limits on how long a truck can idle, with hefty fines for violations. APUs provide a way to stay compliant while still meeting drivers' needs for cabin power.

3. Enhanced Driver Comfort

Long hours on the road can be harsh on drivers, making comfort a top priority. APUs ensure that the cabin remains at a comfortable temperature, whether it's scorching hot or freezing cold outside. 

They also allow drivers to use electronic devices, such as microwaves and televisions, without draining the truck's battery or running the engine. This enhanced comfort can lead to better rest, reduced fatigue, and overall improved driver well-being—a critical factor in reducing accidents and improving job satisfaction.

Environmental Impact of APUs

APUs don't just benefit the bottom line—they also play a critical role in reducing the environmental impact of trucking. The transportation sector is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, and any technology that can reduce this footprint is a step in the right direction.

Lowering Carbon Footprints

As mentioned earlier, by reducing the need for idling, APUs help lower a truck's carbon emissions. This is particularly important in urban areas, where air quality is often a concern. Fleets that prioritize reducing their carbon footprint not only contribute to a healthier planet but also position themselves as leaders in sustainable practices—an increasingly important consideration for clients and partners.

Compliance with Anti-Idling Regulations

Many states and municipalities have implemented anti-idling regulations to curb emissions. Non-compliance can result in fines and penalties, adding to operational costs. APUs provide a practical solution, allowing fleets to maintain necessary power without violating these regulations. 

For example, California has some of the strictest anti-idling laws, limiting heavy-duty truck idling to just 5 minutes. An APU helps fleet managers navigate these regulations seamlessly, avoiding fines while ensuring drivers have the power they need.

Selecting the Right APU for Your Fleet

Choosing the right APU for your fleet isn't a one-size-fits-all decision. Several factors need to be considered to ensure you select a unit that meets your operational needs while providing maximum benefits.

• Power Requirements: The first step in selecting an APU is determining your fleet's power needs. Consider the types of fuel your fleet typically uses, as this can influence whether a diesel-powered, electric, or hybrid APU is the best fit. A diesel-powered APU might be sufficient for basic needs, but if your fleet requires additional power for more demanding equipment, an all-electric APU could be the better choice.
• Installation Space: APUs come in various sizes, and it's essential to ensure that the unit you choose can be installed on your trucks without significant modifications. Some APUs are designed to fit specific truck models, so it's crucial to check compatibility before making a purchase.
• Compatibility with Existing Systems: If your fleet already uses telematics or other advanced fleet management systems, you'll want to ensure that the APU you select can integrate smoothly with these technologies. This will allow for better monitoring and management of the APU's performance and fuel consumption.
• Budget Considerations: While APUs can provide significant savings in the long run, the initial investment can be substantial. It's important to consider your budget and weigh the long-term benefits against the upfront costs. AtoB's fleet fuel card with discounts can help manage these expenses, offering discounts and streamlined procurement processes that can ease the financial burden.

Installation and Maintenance of APUs

Once you've selected the right APU for your fleet, proper installation and maintenance are key to ensuring its optimal performance and longevity.

Installation Process

Installing an APU typically requires professional expertise, as it involves integrating the unit with the truck's electrical and fuel systems. While some fleet managers may have the necessary skills in-house, most will benefit from hiring a specialized technician to ensure the job is done correctly.

Regular Maintenance

Like any other piece of equipment, APUs require regular maintenance to perform at their best. This includes routine checks for wear and tear, replacing filters, and ensuring that all connections are secure. Regular maintenance not only extends the life of the APU but also ensures that it operates efficiently, maximizing fuel savings and minimizing downtime.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with regular maintenance, issues can arise. Common problems include fuel system clogs, electrical malfunctions, and wear on components like belts and hoses. Having a proactive maintenance schedule and access to spare parts can help address these issues before they lead to significant downtime.

Cost Considerations and Financial Benefits

Although investing in APUs has cost implications, the long-term financial benefits often outweigh the initial investment.

• Installation Costs: The cost of purchasing and installing an APU can range from $8,000 to $13,000 per unit. While this may seem steep, the fuel savings alone can quickly offset these costs. For example, if a truck idles for 2,000 hours per year, switching to an APU could save over $5,000 annually in fuel costs.
• Reduced Maintenance Costs: By reducing the need for engine idling, APUs also help decrease wear and tear on the main engine, leading to lower maintenance costs. This can result in significant savings over the truck's lifespan.
• Using Fuel Cards for APU-Related Expenses: AtoB's fuel cards can help manage the costs associated with running an APU by offering discounts on diesel fuel and providing detailed tracking of fuel expenses. This not only simplifies the accounting process but also helps fleet managers identify potential areas for further savings.

Future Trends in APU Technology

As technology continues to advance, APUs are becoming more efficient and environmentally friendly. Emerging trends include:

1. All-Electric APUs: As the push for greener technologies intensifies, all-electric APUs are gaining traction. These units eliminate the need for diesel fuel altogether, further reducing emissions and operating costs.
2. Lighter and More Compact Designs: Newer APUs are being designed to be lighter and more compact, making them easier to install and reducing the impact on the truck's overall weight and fuel efficiency.
3. Integration with Renewable Energy Sources: Some APUs are being developed to integrate with renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, providing an even more sustainable solution for powering trucks.
4. Smart APUs: Future APUs may come equipped with smart technology that allows for real-time monitoring and diagnostics, helping fleet managers optimize performance and reduce maintenance needs.

Integrating Fuel Cards with APU Management

Using fuel cards, like those offered by AtoB, can significantly enhance fleet fuel management, especially when dealing with APU-related expenses. These cards offer several benefits:

• Detailed Expense Tracking: Fleet fuel cards provide detailed reports on fuel purchases, allowing fleet managers to monitor APU-related fuel consumption closely. This data can be used to optimize fuel efficiency and reduce waste.
• Discounts on Fuel Purchases: AtoB's fuel cards offer discounts at a wide network of fuel stations, helping fleets save money on diesel fuel—a crucial benefit when running APUs.
• Streamlined Procurement Processes: With a fuel card, purchasing fuel for APUs becomes a seamless process, reducing administrative overhead and ensuring that drivers can quickly and easily refuel when needed.

In the evolving landscape of trucking, Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) stand out as a crucial investment for fleet owners aiming to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. By reducing fuel consumption, lowering emissions, and boosting driver comfort, APUs offer substantial long-term benefits that far outweigh their initial costs. As technology advances, these units will continue to evolve, providing even greater advantages. Pairing APUs with strategic tools like AtoB's fuel cards can further streamline fleet management and optimize cost savings. Embracing APUs is not just about keeping up with industry standards—it's about leading the way toward a more efficient, environmentally friendly, and driver-centric future in trucking.

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Sources:

U.S. Department of Energy. Long-Haul Truck Idling Burns Up Profits. https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/hdv_idling_2015.pdf

U.S. Department of Energy. DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record. ttps://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/9010_fuel_cell_apu_trucks.pdf?Status=Master

ResearchGate. Energy use and emission rates for base engine, APU, and electricity from SP. https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Energy-use-and-emission-rates-for-base-engine-APU-and-electricity-from-SP_tbl1_26707836

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